Dashain, the longest and most celebrated festival in Nepal, is a time of joy, family reunions, and religious devotion. It symbolizes the victory of good over evil, commemorating the triumph of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura. Spanning 15 days, Dashain brings together people from all walks of life to celebrate with rituals, feasts, and blessings. This festival not only has religious significance but also strengthens social and family bonds, marking a joyous occasion across the nation.
Weeks before Dashain begins, people engage in extensive preparations. Homes are cleaned and decorated to welcome the goddess and create a joyful atmosphere. Families buy new clothes, gifts, and food items, often creating a festive shopping frenzy. This period is also a time for renewing relationships and preparing to host relatives who travel long distances to be with their families.

Ghatasthapana (Day 1): The festival officially begins with Ghatasthapana, where a sacred vessel is filled with holy water, and seeds of barley are planted in a sand-filled pot, symbolizing the growth of life and prosperity. This ritual marks the start of worshipping Goddess Durga, and the barley seeds are watered and cared for throughout the festival.

Phulpati (Day 7): On this day, an elaborate ceremony brings sacred offerings from Gorkha to Kathmandu, symbolizing the goddess’s blessings. This event is a grand occasion at Hanuman Dhoka in Kathmandu Durbar Square, where the Royal family traditionally participates, and people flock to see the procession.

Maha Ashtami (Day 8): The eighth day of Dashain is devoted to worshipping Goddess Kali, the fierce aspect of Durga. Animal sacrifices, including goats, ducks, and buffaloes, are offered to the goddess as a sign of respect and devotion. For those who do not follow this practice, fruits, vegetables, and coconuts are offered as alternatives.

Maha Navami (Day 9): On Maha Navami, the last day of Navaratri, the worship of Durga reaches its peak. Vehicles and tools are worshipped for protection against accidents and harm. The night of Navami is dedicated to Durga’s victory over the demon Mahishasura, and major sacrifices continue, especially in temples of Kali.

Vijaya Dashami (Day 10): The most important day of Dashain, Vijaya Dashami, celebrates the final victory of good over evil. Elders apply “tika” (a mixture of rice, yogurt, and vermilion) and “jamara” (the sacred barley plant) on the foreheads of younger family members, offering blessings of prosperity and long life. This day symbolizes the passing of blessings through generations. People visit relatives and receive tika, making it a time for strengthening family bonds.

Remaining Days (Day 11–15): After Vijaya Dashami, the tika ceremony continues as families visit distant relatives. These final days are marked by feasts, family gatherings, and merriment. The 15th day, known as Kojagrat Purnima, concludes the festival, symbolizing prosperity and the full moon.

Kite Flying: Dashain is synonymous with kite flying, which fills the skies with vibrant colors and joy. Kites symbolize the victory of good over evil, and it is also a way to remind gods not to bring any rain.

Swinging on ‘Ping’ (Traditional Bamboo Swings): Giant swings made of bamboo and rope, known as “ping,” are set up in villages and towns. Swinging on them is a source of joy for people of all ages and is an iconic part of Dashain celebrations.

Feasting: Dashain is also a time of great feasting. Traditional Nepali dishes, such as goat meat, rice, lentils, and various sweets, are prepared. Every household shares the joy of eating together, and food plays a central role in celebrating the festival’s abundance.

Dashain is deeply rooted in Nepalese culture and society. It celebrates not only religious and mythological victories but also the values of family unity, respect for elders, and social harmony. Schools, businesses, and government offices close during the festival giving people time to return to their villages and ancestral homes to celebrate together.

Dashain transcends religion and ethnicity, as people from all communities and regions of Nepal come together to participate in the festivities. Whether through traditional rituals, large family gatherings, or shared cultural practices, Dashain is a festival that unites the nation.
Dashain is more than just a religious event; it is a symbol of Nepal’s cultural richness and family values. The festival brings families together, promotes social harmony, and reinforces the importance of unity and respect. It is a time to celebrate life, renew ties, and embrace traditions that have stood the test of time.
Article By: Ranjana Adhikari