Every winter, Nepal becomes a sanctuary for migratory birds fleeing the severe cold of the Arctic and northern regions, including Russia, northern China, Mongolia, and Siberia. These birds seek Nepal’s moderate climate and abundant food supply, arriving in large numbers from mid-August to mid-January.
According to ornithologists, these waterfowl rest in lakes along their migratory routes. However, the Demoiselle crane stands out for its ability to fly hundreds of kilometers continuously, even in unfavorable weather conditions. Some birds journey as far as Rajasthan, India, while returning via Pakistan and Afghanistan. By spring, most migratory birds return to their breeding grounds.
Nepal hosts diverse wintering waterfowl, such as ducks, gulls, and waders, which are now visibly active around the country’s rivers, lakes, and wetlands. To document these visitors, the annual waterbird census has begun, spearheaded by the Nepal Bird Conservation Association.
Annual Waterbird Census: A Collaborative Effort
Starting every first Saturday of January, the census collects data on the number, species, and habitats of waterbirds across Nepal. This year, the census runs from January 4 to 19, with participation from organizations like Himalayan Nature, Bird Conservation Nepal, local NGOs, bird conservationists, and government officials. Internationally, Wetlands International leads this initiative, which has been conducted globally since 1987.
In 2024, Nepal’s waterbird census covered 18 major wetlands and 84 smaller areas, recording 79 species and 63,900 waterbirds, including six Ramsar-listed sites. The data was compiled by 402 volunteers.
Challenges Facing Migratory Birds
Field observations highlight issues such as habitat destruction, climate change, poaching, and invasive species. Hiralal Dangaur, a field officer for Bird Conservation Nepal, noted that while species diversity remains stable, overall bird numbers have declined. New bird records, such as the Greater Scaup, Mallard, and Pochard, are encouraging, but challenges persist.
Wetlands like Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Chitwan National Park, and Pokhara’s lakes provide vital habitats for these birds. However, encroachment, water hyacinth infestation, and unregulated fishing threaten their survival. Koshi Bird Society President Chakra Timilsina expressed concern over activities such as sand mining, boat operations, and unsustainable tourism practices, which further degrade these ecosystems.
Significance of the Census
The waterbird census serves as a critical tool for understanding habitat conditions, bird breeding patterns, and the impact of climate change. Conservationists emphasize its importance in preserving Nepal’s wetlands and the migratory bird populations that depend on them.
As Nepal continues its efforts to protect these avian visitors, the annual census offers valuable insights, ensuring that the country remains a haven for migratory birds escaping the cold.
